‘Heavy fighting’ in east as Kyiv tries fresh Mariupol evacuation

Ukrainian authorities were hoping Monday to evacuate more civilians from the besieged southern port city of Mariupol, as Russia’s offensive in the east of Ukraine continued with “active and heavy” fighting.

Kyiv said more than 100 civilians were evacuated over the weekend from the sprawling Azovstal steel plant, the last holdout of Ukrainian forces in Mariupol, which has been surrounded by Russian forces since they invaded Ukraine on Feb. 24.

The civilians were awaited Monday in Ukraine-controlled Zaporizhzhia, where vehicles from UNICEF and other international NGOs were on standby.

In coordinated efforts between Ukraine, Russia and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), another evacuation had been scheduled to start first thing on Monday.

Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba said later Monday the evacuation was “under way” but declined to give more details until it was complete.

“Everything is very fragile, things can fall apart at any given moment so it’s better to wait until the evacuation is over,” he told a press conference with his Danish counterpart in Kyiv.

Several hundred Ukrainian soldiers and civilians have been sheltering in the maze of Soviet-era underground tunnels underneath the Azovstal steelworks, many of whom require medical attention.

Over the weekend, “for the first time, there were two days of real ceasefire on this territory,” Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said late Sunday.

“More than 100 civilians have already been evacuated — women and children first of all,” he said in a video address.

Russia’s armed forces said 46 civilians had left Azovstal on Saturday, and had “voluntarily” decided to stay in the separatist region of Donetsk.

Another 80 got out on Sunday — of whom 69 left for Kyiv-controlled territory, it said. They were “handed over to U.N. and ICRC representatives,” the Russian ministry said earlier.

Mariupol is an important strategic hub connecting the Russian-held southern and eastern parts of Ukraine and has seen some of the worst of the fighting.

With the Russian siege leaving residents in dire conditions, with little access to food, water and medicine, the city has become emblematic of a war that has uprooted more than 13 million people from their homes and killed thousands.

‘Active and heavy fighting’

After failing to take the capital Kyiv in the first few weeks of the war, Moscow’s army has refocused on the east of Ukraine, notably the Donbas region, which includes the pro-Russian separatist areas of Donetsk and Lugansk.

Fighting is particularly intense around Izyum, Lyman and Rubizhne, as the Russians prepare their attack on Severodonetsk, the last easterly city still held by Kyiv, Ukraine’s general staff said.

“The situation in the Lugansk region can be described in a few words — active and heavy fighting continues,” the defense ministry added.

In Lyman, relentless shelling has reduced hamlets around the city to rubble.

“Half of the city is destroyed,” said one local in passing, lifting luggage onto the roof of his beat-up Soviet-designed red Lada passenger car.

“I don’t have a house anymore,” he said.

The governor of Lugansk has said he expected more intense battles ahead of May 9, the day Russia celebrates the 1945 surrender of Nazi Germany to allied forces, including the then Soviet Union.

However, Russian Foreign Minister Sergyi Lavrov told Italian television late Sunday that Moscow’s forces “will not artificially adjust their actions to any date, including Victory Day.”

‘Relentless fear’

Russia has moved to solidify its grip on areas it controls and from Sunday introduced the Russian ruble in the region of Kherson, initially to be used alongside the Ukrainian hryvnia.

On the frontline in the east, Russian troops — helped by massive use of artillery — have advanced slowly but steadily.

But Ukrainian forces have also recaptured some territory in recent days, including the village of Ruska Lozova, which evacuees said had been occupied for two months.

“It was two months of terrible fear. Nothing else, a terrible and relentless fear,” said Natalia, a 28-year-old evacuee from Ruska Lozova, after reaching Kharkiv.

Kyiv has admitted that Russian forces have captured a string of villages in the Donbas region and has asked Western powers to deliver more heavy weapons to bolster its defenses there.

Ukraine’s defense ministry said Monday that its drones had sunk two Russian patrol boats near the Black Sea’s Snake Island, which became a symbol of Ukrainian resistance after soldiers there rebuffed Russian demands to surrender.

“The Bayraktars are working,” said Valeriy Zaluzhnyi, the commander in chief of the Ukrainian Armed Forces, referring to Turkish-made military drones.

Russian energy threats

Western powers have levelled unprecedented sanctions against Russia over the war while delivering money and weapons to Ukraine, including a $33-billion (¥4.3-trillion) arms and support package announced by U.S. President Joe Biden last week.

But many European Union countries remain dependent on Russian gas and oil, which critics say undermines their attempts to isolate Moscow.

EU ministers met Monday to respond to Russia’s decision last week to cut gas supplies to Poland and Bulgaria, which had refused Moscow’s demand to pay in rubles.

Germany, which was among the nations concerned about a split from Russian gas, said on Monday it was prepared to back an immediate EU embargo on Russian oil, a major shift from Moscow’s biggest energy customer that could let Europe impose such a ban within days.

Russia’s energy exports — by far its biggest source of income — have so far largely been exempt from international sanctions over the war in Ukraine. Kyiv says that loophole means European countries are funding the Kremlin war effort, sending Moscow hundreds of millions of euros every day.

German Chancellor Olaf Scholz, who has been more cautious than other Western leaders in backing Ukraine, has been under growing pressure to take a firmer line, including from within the Social Democrat’s own governing coalition.

“Germany is not against an oil ban on Russia. Of course it is a heavy load to bear but we would be ready to do that,” Economy Minister Robert Habeck, of the Greens, told reporters before talks with his EU colleagues in Brussels.

“With coal and oil, it is possible to forgo Russian imports now,” Finance Minister Christian Lindner of the pro-business FDP told Die Welt newspaper. “It can’t be ruled out that fuel prices could rise.”

Germany had already reduced the share of Russian oil in its imports to 12% for 35% before Russia invaded Ukraine, but had previously said it needed months to phase out Russian crude to lessen the economic impact at home.

Eastern parts of Germany in particular rely on fuel from a refinery owned by Russia’s state oil company Rosneft, served by the Soviet-era “Friendship” pipeline that runs thousands of miles to oil fields in Siberia.

Weaning Europe off Russian oil is likely to be easier than reducing dependence on Russian natural gas. Moscow has demanded European customers pay for gas in roubles, which the EU rejects. Last week, Moscow cut off supplies to Poland and Bulgaria. The EU ministers meeting on Monday discussed a joint response.

The bloc is also working on a phased ban on Russian oil imports, although several member states are wary of the economic damage, and no decision is expected Monday.

In a symbolic show of support, many Western nations are also reopening their embassies in Kyiv that were closed due to the invasion, with Denmark the latest to make the move Monday.

Kristina Kvien, the U.S. charge d’affaires, announced that Washington hopes to have its diplomats back in Kyiv “by the end of the month.”